• Our results revealed that when

  2021-09-17

  

  Our results revealed that when subjected to intravenous glucose tolerance tests, the RIP-Gcgr mice showed enhanced glucose tolerance and increased beta cell function, which is in agreement with the findings of Gelling et al. [6]. However, we also show that there is a reduced responsiveness of the be

• br The actions of GLP on the vasculature

  2021-09-17

  

  The actions of GLP-1 (9–36) on the vasculature/endothelium The previous sections have ascribed the vascular and/or endothelial actions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists to potential direct actions through a canonical GLP-1R, but as mentioned previously, whether VSMCs and ECs express a full-length GLP-1R r

• Contradictory results have been described regarding the role

  2021-09-17

  

  Contradictory results have been described regarding the role of the Shh pathway during vertebrate skeletal myogenesis. Different studies have shown that Shh can increase or inhibit myoblasts proliferation and terminal muscle differentiation, depending on the experimental model [[1], [2], [3], [4], [

• In conclusion we show to our knowledge for the

  2021-09-17

  

  In conclusion, we show, to our knowledge for the first-time, compelling evidence for functional OTR and GHSR crosstalk, which is likely via the formation of a novel OTR/GHSR heterocomplex with important downstream signalling consequences. This OTR/GHSR interaction is poised to play an important phys

• Initially we carried out gap FRAP

  2021-09-17

  

  Initially, we carried out gap-FRAP experiments using the two-photon configuration of the confocal microscope. A SR101-positive astrocyte was targeted and a 5 × 5 μm square area was exposed to a laser illumination (5 flashes of 5 s each during 25 s). This procedure resulted in a bleaching of this ast

• br Novel mechanisms of fipronil resistance in

  2021-09-17

  

  Novel mechanisms of fipronil resistance in planthoppers Conclusion Conflict of interest Introduction Methamphetamine, a widely abused drug, is mainly used as a psychostimulant although it is occasionally used at low doses for medical purposes, such as in attention deficit or hyperactivit

• elastase Bile acids BAs are detergent like amphipathic molec

  2021-09-17

  

  Bile acids (BAs) are detergent-like amphipathic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the intestine after food intake in order to facilitate the elastase of dietary lipids and liposoluble vitamins. BAs travel along the intestine and once i

• uPAR promotes cell associated proteolysis by binding to

  2021-09-17

  

  uPAR promotes cell-associated proteolysis by binding to uPA which locally converts plasminogen into active plasmin [10]. Ligand-engaged uPAR also acts as a potent regulator of cell migration and matrix attachment. Being a membrane receptor, uPAR needs to interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) prot

• Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton

  2021-09-17

  

  Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton, an intracellular polymeric network consisting of g 36 sale filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and crosslinking proteins [38]. Low cell stiffness has been correlated with reduced formation of well-defined F-actin filaments or bundles [3

• br Application of TIRFM to

  2021-09-17

  

  Application of TIRFM to visualizing exocytosis TIRFM was first used to visualize exocytosis from large secretory granules from chromaffin SAR405 (Steyer et al., 1997). Before that, visualization of secretory organelle was strictly limited to a few exceptions, such as mast cell of mutant mice, or

• Based on the in vitro findings summarized

  2021-09-16

  

  Based on the in vitro findings summarized here, we posited that, in the intact brain, release of ROS from iron-laden astrocytes to the local neuropil elicits oxidative damage and degeneration of indigent dopaminergic projections and other vulnerable neuronal elements (Schipper, 2001). Of particular

• kainic acid ICLs represent of all generated

  2021-09-16

  

  ICLs represent ICL Inducers in Cancer Therapy Nitrogen mustards with aromatic substituents (chlorambucil, melphalan) or a bioactivatable phosphoramide group (cyclophosphamide) were one of the first identified DNA crosslinkers. These agents are still used in combined schemes for the therapy of chr

• Haploid germ cell specific nuclear protein kinase

  2021-09-16

  

  Haploid germ cell-specific nuclear protein kinase (Haspin) proteins are divergent members of the eukaryotic protein kinase family. Haspin (encoded by germ cell-specific gene 2: Gsg2) is found in many eukaryotic lineages (animal, fungi, and plants), and the protein and its mRNA were initially detecte

• Although it has been observed in numerous studies and

  2021-09-16

  

  Although it has been observed in numerous studies and by many investigators that intraplatelet cGMP elevation results in platelet inhibition, there are a few papers which proposed a platelet stimulatory role for cGMP when elevated in response to NO donors or PDE5 inhibitors in mouse and human platel

• Studies with GSNOR knockout mice reported decreased CD

  2021-09-16

  

  Studies with GSNOR knockout mice reported decreased CD4+ tachykinins and increased CD19+ cells (B-cell) in the blood [31] as well as demyelination, neurodegeneration, and neuropathic pain [29]. To understand the basis of these differences in immune function of GSNOR knockout mice and GSNO treated m

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